Many new building materials appeared in the 17th and early 18th centuries, such as steel bars, cement, Structural LVL, plywood, and other man-made panels. The cost of materials usually accounts for the majority of the entire construction cost, and labor costs account for a relatively small proportion. Computational models developed since then have been able to optimize material loads and dimensions.

In the late 18th century, the composition of construction costs underwent a major shift. Most are labor costs. Builders can reduce construction labor costs by simplifying load structures or pre-production. Nowadays, with the development of IT technology such as CAD software and 3D simulation software, we can calculate the shape and size of materials to optimize, and also meet the design requirements of architects at the same time, so the use of Structural LVL is more convenient .

Different load structures The load structure can achieve the load effect required by the building while achieving high material utilization. The design of the Structural LVL cross-section can also optimize the load design and improve the efficiency of load transmission.

The simplest load Structural LVL is pillar support, but when used in long-span buildings, this structure is generally not used in the case of side forces and wind forces.

The arch is an efficient Structural LVL load-bearing structure. Long-span buildings usually use this frame to achieve larger dimensions, and can be built with slender beams and can also be equipped with tie rods for support. How this type of building meets the requirements of high efficiency and design aesthetics at the same time is a subject worth studying. Other components such as ceilings, walls, etc. usually use sheets to decorate the surface. The use of sheets in the load structure enables material efficiency. Sheets and other materials in the load structure should have special quality requirements in terms of strength and stability, which have higher requirements for production. Another alternative is to combine or glue low-quality solid wood boards or sheets. This material can be used alone for load-bearing or stabilizing structural components such as the roof or walls of sports stadiums, or as a supplement to the surface in load-bearing structures. . Cylindrical or spherical surfaces are also excellent load-bearing structures for large buildings with the right structural components, beams and timbers can be combined into closed or connected networks, or planks can be interlocked to form.

Structural LVL material properties have many advantages over other materials - relatively high strength relative to its own weight, simple handling, low cost, environmental protection, etc. The use of Structural LVL to build large buildings is possible through modern timber construction techniques. The material properties of Structural LVL are critical to the design of load-bearing structures.

Structural LVL is an anisotropic material, that is, it has different properties in different directions. The growth of trees can cause different strength issues, and the Structural LVL itself can be affected by changes in humidity or length in size. Relative to the self-weight of Structural LVL, its tensile strength is comparable to that of high-strength steel bars.

High quality Structural LVL is not affected by knots or other growth problems. In the direction along the grain, that is, along the direction of the Structural LVL grain, the strength is at least 5 times greater than that in the direction of the grain. Even with cross-grain loads, it can be stabilized by bonding with steel bars or other solid wood such as oak.

Structural LVL is very sensitive to changes in moisture content. A higher moisture content will reduce the load-bearing capacity of the Structural LVL, and changes in the moisture content will cause the Structural LVL to shrink or crack.

A load-bearing structure in an environment with a large change in moisture content is prone to bending over a long period of time compared to a case where the difference in moisture content is not large. In this case, the design of the load-bearing structure must allow some room for expansion or contraction of the Structural LVL. For example, an eaves locked by planks is prone to cracking due to the accumulation of moisture in one area.

1: Welding of beams and support columns with joist hangers 2: Connection of wind-resistant bracing 3: Installation of large glulam structures

Sawn timber has size restrictions. In order to increase the cross-sectional size can be achieved by combining multiple layers of sawn timber. Historically we have used the joint-fixture treatment in combination with sawn timber, with the disadvantage of possible deformations under load. This is less the case with the gluing method.

Structural LVL Glulam is available in larger dimensions and has better technical properties by gluing planks or sheets. The veneer can be sung by gluing finger joints. Glulam can reduce the splitting of the board, improve the strength and loadability of the material, and achieve lamination, which is stronger than the same amount of veneer.

The width of Structural LVL is usually limited to the width of sawn veneer. In Sweden, the width usually does not exceed 225mm (220mm for planed timber). In order to be used in larger load-bearing structures, two pieces of Structural LVL can be glued together to achieve a maximum material of 440mm, which provides the possibility for larger load-bearing structures.

A new type of gluing material, Structural LVL, appears on the market. Structural LVL is a plywood-like material consisting of thin veneers. Unlike ordinary plywood, all veneers have the same fiber direction and have super high tensile and compressive strength in this direction. The material is well suited for beams of the same cross-section or thin web beam wings.

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